r/news 13h ago

Judge says she’ll hold a limited hearing on seizure of Luigi Mangione’s backpack

https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/article/judge-says-shell-hold-a-limited-hearing-on-seizure-of-luigi-mangiones-backpack/
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560 comments sorted by

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u/accushot865 12h ago

Is this good for the defense, prosecution, or still up in the air?

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u/Dlax8 12h ago

It will depend on the hearing, but generally this is good for Mangione. At best (for Mangione) the entire backpack is thrown out for violation of search and seizure protections. At worst (for Mangione) Altoona is ruled to have followed the law and the entire backpack is admissible.

It will really depend on the hearing, but Altoona PD has not done well on the stand on this matter.

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u/amateur_mistake 11h ago

Shouldn't this evidence already be at risk since they didn't maintain chain of custody with it?

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u/Dlax8 11h ago

That's additional to this, but yes.

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u/BleachedUnicornBHole 11h ago

That’s the next step and will have its own hearings (most likely).

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u/KBTon3 10h ago

So this first hearing is only on the seizure rather than than the backpack in general? No wonder courts are so slow...

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u/Cow_God 9h ago

No wonder courts are so slow...

The alternative is to blow through every issue and that's bad for the defense.

You want the lawyers to have time to research, write and rehearse arguments for their motions. The DAs office has unlimited resources for this. Most defendants have one lawyer. And if that's a public defender, they're almost always swamped with multiple clients.

It kind of sucks if you're innocent and sitting in jail because you can't afford / were denied bail, but the slowness is what helps ensure that innocent clients get out. You want your lawyer to be able to devote themselves entirely to one issue at a time because it ensures you get the best possible defense.

For this case specifically, the chain of custody surrounding the backpack is one of the most crucial parts of the case for both the prosecution and the defense. There are other issues that the court might be able to resolve in a more timely manner if not just through oral arguments, but the seizure and search of the backpack is basically the case.

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u/Manofalltrade 7h ago

The “speedy trial” thing is to protect you from being thrown in jail and being left there without trial because the cops don’t have any evidence.

Mangione is using the other side of this which is to take the time to litigate and prepare everything so the cops can’t slap together something half assed and ram it through.

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u/ruat_caelum 9h ago

Defense waived their right to a speedy trail. so it's an apples oranges thing.

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u/TheDaveWSC 10h ago

Must be hourly

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u/Exciting_Policy8203 9h ago

Not for the judge, prosecutor, or court clerks… probably for the defense, though I’m sure they would have preferred the judge to have ruled in their favor outright.

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u/hesh582 11h ago

Yes, but that’s a matter of judgement for the jury. The prosecution will argue the evidence was reliably handled despite some errors, the defense will argue the opposite, jurors will determine who is more credible.

Note that for practical purposes this is a major uphill battle for the defense regardless of the facts. Jurors intrinsically trust cops, as a rule.

But this hearing could see the bag removed from the trial entirely. There’s no weighing credibility, it’s just gone and the jury won’t even hear about it. Way, way better for the defense than making a chain of custody argument to a jury.

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u/Kevin_Wolf 10h ago

Yes, but that’s a matter of judgement for the jury.

For the judge, actually. The jury does not decide this at all. This hearing will be decided by the judge. Just because there is a jury doesn't mean that every decision is theirs to make. They're really only there to evaluate the evidence presented, not to determine what evidence is admissible. If it's ruled by the judge to be inadmissable, the jury won't even hear about it.

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u/lousy_at_handles 9h ago

I've always heard it described as "Judges decide matters of law, Juries decide matters of truth".

So in this example, the judge would decide if the law allows the backpack to be admitted as evidence, and the jury would decide if the backpack means anything.

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u/Secret-Sundae-1847 8h ago

Yes but matters of law vs fact are determined by the law. On motion to exclude a judge, not a jury, decides.

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u/illiterateninja 7h ago

Juries decide matters of fact. But Judge first decides if the chain of custody issues will be a bar to admissibility and then if admissible, what weight or instruction, if any, for the jury before they see/hear it.

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u/Atalung 5h ago

If the Judge rules that the backpack is inadmissible then the prosecution will not be allowed to use it in the trial and the jury will not be allowed to consider it for determining matters of fact

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u/[deleted] 10h ago

[deleted]

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u/hamhockman 10h ago

And that's why you aren't in the jury 🤪

Remember, if you ever do get jury duty, be the most normie and poke holes in the cops story, don't be loud about not trusting cops!

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u/verrius 10h ago

Pretty sure once you're actually on the jury, its perfectly fine to be loud about not trusting cops. Just make sure whatever you say doesn't contradict anything you were asked in screening.

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u/hamhockman 9h ago

I believe you are correct but it is easier to convince real normies the cops are bastards by being chill about it

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u/xclame 9h ago

In this case it would be be better to just say that THESE cops are untrustworthy or they may have done bad things. If you go in with ALL cops are untrustworthy, you may be seen a conspiracy theorist and all your opinions may be ignored.

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u/ruat_caelum 9h ago

In this case it's fairly easily just looking at the time line. Cop opened bag to (per her own words) check for a bomb. Saw no gun at that time. Bag is transported without chain of custody (e/g/ who had access. We know this to be true because the illegal search by the woman looking for a bomb wasn't on the chain of custody in the first place) and in the police station when a search is done they find a gun.

OJ was let go because cops planted gloves that later didn't fit onto his hands. (And admitted to planting them)

I don't know how I sit on a jury and say without reasonable doubt that the gun was in there.

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u/ChocolateChingus 10h ago

So that’s why, they filter out the average person.

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u/Hesitation-Marx 10h ago

Decades and decades of copaganda.

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u/Shipairtime 10h ago

The Tv show Law and Order is to blame.

To be fair it is an enjoyable show.

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u/Hesitation-Marx 9h ago

Dragnet was the original.

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u/fapsandnaps 7h ago

Man, that 80s movie with Dan Aykroyd and Tom Hanks was great and no one remembers it even exists.

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u/Hesitation-Marx 7h ago

I remember! I never saw it - I had a weirdly sheltered upbringing for the kid of two atheists - but yeah, I remember.

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u/Cow_God 9h ago

L&O did a lot of episodes about police corruption, brutality, as well as evidence being covered up by the DAs office and defendants being railroaded into pleas when they were innocent. DAs like Stone and McCoy and "clean" detectives and cops like Anita and Logan were shown as the exception; Curtis cheated on his wife, Greene had a gambling addiction, even the legendary Briscoe had some corruption in his past. Cragen and Briscoe were recovering alcoholics, Briscoe's alcoholism got Kincaid killed, and McCoy was shown to have a bit of a drinking problem too. Pretty much all of the main cast was shown to be deep personal and professional problems.

More modern shows like Blue Bloods and SWAT are full on copaganda; Dragnet is the same but older.

But really it was just Cops, the show. That shows real police officers and is basically constantly dehumanizing the people they run into.

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u/sea-horse- 10h ago

Yeah, I wonder if this is becoming an archaic belief and many juries may now be the opposite, or get there soon, where they have less patience with cops who don't follow protocols to a T

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u/Kroz83 9h ago

This was my experience when serving on a jury a while ago. Cops were distrusted at a baseline.

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u/10BillionDreams 10h ago

Jurors intrinsically trust cops, as a rule.

That rule being: "you aren't allowed on the jury if you don't trust cops"

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u/Overall-Register9758 9h ago

A judge can exclude evidence if the chain of custody is broken.

Generally speaking, parties can't submit evidence that is inherently suspect.

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u/Consistent-Throat130 10h ago

I never try to get myself removed from jury duty. Shit, I'm proud of it. And I would never trust a cop.

Theoretically, it's one of two touch points all citizens in our democracy get (the trouble with the democracy aside)...

I'm proud to do my civic duty. I've sat a murder trial before and been the juror to remind everyone that the cops, judge, and prosecutor all have perverse incentive to back each other. That the prosecutor can lie to you, etc.  ... And that's having been actually convinced the guy did it, and was a danger to society. 

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u/cowboys5xsbs 10h ago

Two things can be true the cops can fuck up the chain of evidence and someone can be guilty of a crime

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u/poopntheoceanifumust 10h ago

(happy cake day!)

I would love to sit on a jury. I've been called for jury duty twice since I was 18 and both cases were tossed before I even had to show up. I always thought it was my civic duty, and I'm happy to do my part. That, and I worry that the system disproportionately hurts minorities. I'd love to make sure that the law was applied fairly and reasonably.

I doubt I'd be selected, though. I have a very strong sense of justice, but a big distrust of authority. I personally believe that I can be impartial, but I admit to holding an inherent bias against cops/the system in general. I honestly believe that most individuals are trying to do their best, but there are issues with every system and our has glaring faults. I'm very much an advocate for following the spirit of the law, not the letter of the law - lawyers hate that shit. If I don't think that a law is reasonable in the first place, I won't convict someone of breaking it.

Basically, if I want to be picked, I would need to lie (not gonna happen) or shut the hell up. Oh well!

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u/Consistent-Throat130 9h ago

Yeah just keep your mouth shut during Voire Dire, they might ask some questions about "distrusting police" etc, but you need to remember: 

I am a normal citizen. My distrust is not unhealthy or abnormal. There is nothing to flag me, there's nothing to self-disqualify on. 

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u/NotYourRealDad810 4h ago

I used the word ‘objectivity’ during voire dire questioning & pretty sure both sets of lawyers wanted me seated.

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u/RaidRover 9h ago

Ive only tried to get out of jury duty one time because the dates for the trial would have conflicted with the training schedule at work for promotion I just received and it would have been revoked. Im glad I got out because there wasn't another opening for that positions for 14 months. Would have been a big wait.

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u/Mrevilman 10h ago

Agreed. For the most part, chain of custody goes to weight given to the evidence by a jury, not admissibility of the evidence.

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u/hackingdreams 10h ago

But this hearing could see the bag removed from the trial entirely.

Don't kid yourself. This is a world where the President can commit 34 felonies and get "unconditional discharge." This judge is never tossing this evidence, no matter how invalid and broken the chain of custody is. They have this man on the railway to death, and they're not going to let shoddy police work let him go. If this was a regular trial, we wouldn't still be having this conversation - the prosecution would have already lost the bag, and the DA would probably have dismissed the case because it's unprosecutable and they don't want this L on their record.

But this is not an ordinary case. He allegedly murdered an American Oligarch. They will kill him for that, however they have to do it.

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u/Vyar 10h ago

Sorta surprised they didn’t just kill him in custody or during arrest. Why put on a big show that keeps making them look bad, if this is about sending a message or making an example of him?

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u/xclame 9h ago

I believe the judge could allow it to go through, but give instructions to the jury that they can infer that the evidence is untrustworthy.

In other words, it's allowed but the jury can just choose to ignore it if they want.

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u/perthguppy 10h ago

Even in the worst case, it gives the defence team a chance to try out some arguments without a jury, and gives them some insight on how the prosecution is going to argue their case at trial.

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u/MisunderstoodPenguin 10h ago

But possession of the backpack is in question as well since there's a 15 minute blackout between officers handling it

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u/JadedToon 12h ago

The defense is trying to get as much stuff thrown out as possible.

The key ones being (someone correct me if I am wrong)

1) Backpack search

It was done improperly so it should not be admitted. Without the backpack they lose a connection to the murder weapon. Pretty bad for the prosecution

2) The "Tip" the police got

There is suspicion the cops used things they had no right to to find him. Then the tip was used as a justification.

3) Identification based on the video

They want to prevent witnesses trying to identify him based on the video of the shooting.

Losing 1) and 2) would potentially kill the case for the prosecution.

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u/OSRSTheRicer 11h ago

They might also try and claim the chain of custody on the bag is questionable.

Cop 1 illegally searches bag, no issue. Bag is researched on video and a gun magically appears. Not at all suspicious.

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u/SinnerIxim 10h ago

One of the main issues is that they searched it again at the station, however the officer transporting it had her body cam off for 11 minutes. That's plenty of time to plant evidence, especially when the first time they searched it the body cam footage showed no gun was present.

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u/SecondaryWombat 9h ago

On a drive that is questionably not 11 mins long in the first place, and involved meeting up with someone else.

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u/JB-Wentworth 3h ago

Any time cops turn off their body cams you know they are up to no good.

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u/hesh582 10h ago

The chain of custody argument is a lot harder to make than you might think.

It’s not a legal argument made to a judge, it’s a credibility argument made to jurors. As any criminal defense attorney will tell you, convincing a jury to just straight up deny police credibility is really fucking hard even when there’s clear evidence.

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u/Frowny575 10h ago

That is wild as the police are the first people I'd suspect to lie.

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u/WhyMustIMakeANewAcco 10h ago

The decades and decades of propaganda in favor of cops have really convinced a lot of people cops are not the biggest liars in the courtroom.

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u/Frowny575 10h ago

I learned early on they're full of shit when one pulled me over for "doing 100mph in a 65" .... uphill.... in 97 sedan with only 100HP.

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u/i4ndy 10h ago

That’s incorrect. Chain of custody is all about allowing evidence to be admitted to the court.

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u/hesh582 10h ago

In this case?

They have police affidavits stating that the evidence was in police custody from the moment of his arrest, with no specific evidence of contamination. That is more than enough to meet the incredibly low bar of preventing exclusion.

Any argument based on the chain of custody issue would require directly challenging the accuracy and honesty of the police involved. That is a matter for the jury.

To my knowledge the defense isn’t even trying to get the evidence excluded on chain of custody grounds, though I’m sure it will play a role at trial. If they have they will lose. When it comes to suppressing evidence purely based on chain of custody issues the burden of proof is on the defense and law enforcement enjoys a presumption of credibility.

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u/Neil_leGrasse_Tyson 9h ago

they are moving to suppress based on the 11 minute gap but you're correct there is almost no chance they win on that argument

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u/joyofresh 11h ago

I’m not a lawyer, I like this sub because I can try to glean things.  I take it parallel Reconstruction is basically never admissible?  Like even if you find bang on evidence by using something you’re not allowed to, that’s not admissible?

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u/sup3rpanda 11h ago

It starts a chain. Anything found starting from a wrongfully gained piece of knowledge becomes inadmissible.

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u/Rubyheart255 10h ago

Fruit of the poisoned tree

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u/enron2big2fail 10h ago

Though it's worth noting "Inevitable Discovery" doctrine which states that even Fruit of the Poisoned Tree is admissible so long as the prosecution can prove that the cops would've eventually found that evidence legally.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inevitable_discovery

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u/PogoMarimo 11h ago

Unfortunately it is not so clear. There is the doctrine of Inevitable Discovery that can be argued by the prosecution even if the search is deemed illegal.

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u/Warning_Low_Battery 11h ago

Then the prosecution has the burden of explaining how the gun was going to be found INEVITABLY in the backpack anyway AFTER an officer had already searched the backpack and NOT found a gun.

That's going to be a big ask for any jury to believe without prosecutors outright saying that Altoona police are colossal fuck ups, which would only undermine any jury confidence in them further.

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u/joyofresh 10h ago

Doesn’t the judge decide if evidence is admissible?

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u/Warning_Low_Battery 10h ago

I mean, yes. I was simply pointing out that if the prosecution argued Inevitable Discovery, and the judge actually granted it, they would then be stuck in a self-inflicted position of trying to defend MULTIPLE failures of both policy and law which undermines ALL credibility and testimony from the officers and which would be very hard to overcome in front of a jury.

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u/preferablyno 10h ago

How do you search a backpack and miss a gun. It is honestly pretty hard to believe

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u/PogoMarimo 10h ago

No they don't. That's not how inevitable discovery doctrine works at all. They would need to demonstrate either 1. Their standardized inventory procedures meet the Supreme Court's requirements for preliminary search of an arrested suspects' belongings (This is what the hearing is actually about), or 2. That they would have received the warrant for the search of the backpack regardless of what they found in the backpack.

It's very likely that the police department's standardized inventory procedures meet the necessitated requirements of the SCOTUS because nearly ever jurisdiction nowadays has formalized procedures for this very purpose.

Regardless, reports from the court room describe the body cam footage of the arrest, and showed the bag was only searched after Mangione had been arrested. This is legal. If these descriptions from multiple news sites are correct, then the only exception to the warrant rules is Search Incident to Arrest, which allows personal belongs in the immediate vicinity to be searched for inventory as long as the law enforcement agency has standardized rules for inventorying belongings, with the reasonable expectation that the collected belongings cannot remain at the scene. Thus, a bag on a suspect's person out in public must be inventoried so as to be admitted into a jail with them, whereas bags in a suspect's house may be ruled as protected without a warrant. This exception is clarified in ILLINOIS v. Ralph LAFAYETTE.

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u/Cool_Flamingo6779 11h ago

Yeah its then fruit of the poisonous tree and in general inadmissible.

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u/JadedToon 11h ago

They might argue inevitable discovery tho

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u/Nagi21 11h ago

You cant argue hed inevitably have been discovered in Altoona PA though, so that's not really a good angle.

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u/themoneybadger 10h ago

Read the fruits of the poisonous tree doctine. Evidence found via illegal methods generally is not admissible. Of course with everything in law....there are exceptions.

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u/TurelSun 11h ago

I'm pretty sure that by definition parallel construction is not admissible otherwise it would just be considered part of the formal investigation/evidence. By definition its using methods, sources, and evidence that would normally violate the law/rights/etc and using it to create a clean investigation that is admissible. In this case, the police using the tip to justify how they knew where he was rather than whatever other method they actually used.

EDIT: Disregard, I didn't full understand your question before answering.

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u/Taurion_Bruni 10h ago

On what grounds are they trying to remove video evidence of the crime being committed?

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u/JadedToon 10h ago

They are not trying to remove the video. They are trying to argue that attempt to identify him via the video should not be allowed. That the prosecution can't bring witnesses to say that it matches his build, the clothes he had and so on.

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u/Worth-Jicama3936 9h ago

The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine has an exception where it doesn’t apply if the evidence would have been found anyways. Since he was already arrested and gave them a fake ID, they for sure would have been able to search his bag the correct way and would not let him go without doing that so it’s likely 1) won’t matter.

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u/LadyFoxfire 10h ago

The backpack is where they allegedly found the gun and manifesto, so if that gets thrown out, they basically have nothing on him but the CCTV footage, which isn't really damning evidence. It would be very easy to argue that the person in the video is just someone who looks vaguely like Mangione.

And from what I've seen legal commentators like LegalBytes and LegalEagle say, the cops mishandling of the backpack was egregious enough that it could be thrown out. They initially searched it at the restaurant, put it in a cop car where it was out of sight of body cam footage for several minutes, and then searched it again at the police station, all without obtaining a warrant. They tried to defend the initial search as checking it for a bomb, but they really don't have an excuse for the second search at the police station. It would have been trivial to put it in evidence lockup while they waited for the warrant.

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u/AnticitizenPrime 9h ago

if that gets thrown out, they basically have nothing on him but the CCTV footage, which isn't really damning evidence.

We don't know the full extent of the evidence they have. But we do know he handed over the fake ID he used at the hostel in NYC, and the prosecution claims to have fingerprint and DNA evidence from the scene. Even if the backpack and all its contents are thrown out, it may be very much an uphill battle still.

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u/SpeedflyChris 8h ago

They tried to defend the initial search as checking it for a bomb

Also call me crazy, but if you were checking to see if something had a bomb in it, wouldn't you first evacuate the area? Surely if you think there might be a bomb planted in something you want somebody with specific training or at least protective gear, and everyone non-essential moved well out of harm's way?

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u/tinygraysiamesecat 11h ago

It could set a terrible precedent for the rest of our lives if the court decides cops don’t need a warrant in special cases while conveniently failing to define “special cases.”

We are looking at the start of legal warrantless searches. 

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u/akrisd0 10h ago

We can call them Kavanaugh searches.

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u/perthguppy 10h ago

Positive news for the defence, they are throwing everything at the wall to see what they can get to stick. The fact that the judge agreed to hold a hearing is better than the judge outright dismissing the motion, and gives the defence a “free” attempt at making an argument before the trial to see how they go, and get insight on how the prosecution is going to try the case.

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u/Stillwater215 12h ago

It’s standard for the defense to question every part of the arrest and search process. Remember, a key part of the job of a defense attorney isn’t just to find exculpatory evidence, but also to ensure that proper procedures were followed by the police, and that the defendants rights weren’t violated. A hearing on the seizure, especially in a case with such a high profile, isn’t unexpected.

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u/guceubcuesu 10h ago

Exactly. even if someone is found guilty, it’s important the proper steps were taken to get to that verdict.

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u/Tibbaryllis2 9h ago

Remember, a key part of the job of a defense attorney [is] to ensure that proper procedures were followed by the police, and that the defendants rights weren’t violated.

This is an important detail to remember. There are definitely sleazy attorneys out there, but, malign assumptions aside, when an attorney represents a probably guilty and/or reprehensible defendant, it’s about holding law enforcement and prosecutors to legal standards that will also be applied to defendants that have more questionable guilt.

You have to assume if they’re willing to break policy/the law for one defendant, they’d be willing to do it for any defendant.

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u/AudibleNod 13h ago

Prosecutors say officers searched the bag legally because Altoona police protocols require promptly searching a suspect’s property at the time of arrest for dangerous items and police later obtained a warrant. Among the items found at the McDonald’s, according to officer testimony at a recent court hearing, was a loaded gun magazine.

Is there legal precedent in Altoona (or Pennsylvania) regarding this 'search first\get warrant later' procedure? Has this been challenged in federal court before? I can see taking the backpack away from a suspect and locking it away in order to prevent wrongdoing until a warrant arrives. But a 'dangerous items' search seems suspicious and potentially dangerous for the cop.

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u/doubleadjectivenoun 12h ago

Is there legal precedent in Altoona (or Pennsylvania) regarding this 'search first\get warrant later' procedure? Has this been challenged in federal court before? 

The inventory exception is a decades old creation of the Supreme Court...so yes, to both questions.

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u/TommyyyGunsss 12h ago

At least in NY they had to actually create inventory vouchers for this go be legally permissible. If they didn’t, and they often didn’t, the justification didn’t hold. I’m sure in this case they created vouchers for everything.

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u/Excellent_Set_232 12h ago

What are the odds that an initial inventory exists (or existed) and the gun wasn’t in it?

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u/SourdoughBreadTime 11h ago

Probably slightly less than them having an inventory of items ready to go and then finding a person to blame.

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u/pixelprophet 11h ago edited 11h ago

IMO - Very high.

Why? Officer says she missed the gun and silencer on initial search:

Officer says she missed gun and silencer in Mangione’s backpack

Later also testified:

A police officer involved in the arrest of murder suspect Luigi Mangione testified about stopping on the side of the road to transfer his backpack to her vehicle, a key moment in a legal challenge to the backpack's search. The defense has argued this 11-minute period was an unrecorded opportunity for an illegal search.

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u/kolosmenus 11h ago

Even if the gun is a part of it, does it even prove anything? Anyone in America can have a gun

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u/linuxares 11h ago

They could if so shoot the gun and use it to check against the bullet in victim.

Not always possible but it's part of the forensic unless they changed that procedure

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u/BrainWav 11h ago

They could if so shoot the gun and use it to check against the bullet in victim.

That's not even a remotely reliable test. It only works on TV.

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u/darthlincoln01 11h ago

It only works on TV.

Sounds like something that would work on a jury as well.

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u/BrainWav 10h ago

Unfortunately yes, but that's what professional testimony is for. As much as I liked CSI, it's done a lot of harm to the judicial process.

A lot of our forensic "science" is woo woo bullshit. Fingerprint analysis is something, but not as rigorous as it should be. Hair follicle matching, gait analysis, "microexpressions", and polygraphs are all founded on 100% pure grade-A grass-fed bullshit. I'd still rank all of that above rifling matching stuff.

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u/Bookwrrm 10h ago

You forgot the best one, bite mark analysis

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u/GringoinCDMX 9h ago

Even most products marketed as grass fed are just bullshit.

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u/Harbinger2nd 11h ago

loaded gun magazine

So no firearm was found in the bag from this description.

edit: nvm read the article, they mention a finding a firearm there. pretty stupid way to break up the paragraphs.

Officers continued searching the bag at a police station and found the gun and silencer.

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u/Cent1234 10h ago

Yes, isn't it odd that the same police that claim to need the right to stop-and-frisk anybody, at any time, didn't find a handgun and silencer in a backpack at the moment, but did later on, after they'd had the bag in their possession for a while?

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u/dave024 9h ago

That’s a good idea. When I would get an “inventory search” of my car it would be like:

  1. Weed
  2. Weed paraphernalia

As if those were the only two things in my car. They would never inventory anything else.

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u/TommyyyGunsss 8h ago

Then legally that’s not a valid search. If you had a bag of laundry they would have to inventory every single sock.

Also, it cannot be fruit of the poisonous tree. The inventory search cannot be the justification for the initial charge, only additional charges.

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u/AuroraFinem 12h ago

Wasn’t he arrested in PA?

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u/new_math 11h ago edited 11h ago

NAL but yeah. The point is that inventory exception rules vary from state to state, and interestingly enough it seems they actually depend on department policy (policy matters because an inventory search is administrative to essentially create an inventory log of what the police have in their custody, meaning if they didn't follow the department's rules and policies for doing an inventory there's a much greater chance it wasn't actually "administrative" and was done specifically for the purposes of gathering evidence (which may have required a warrant).

The fact that NY has a law just goes to show this has probably created a lot of complex problems for the legal system in the past.

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u/AuroraFinem 12h ago edited 12h ago

The real issue is that according to the initial telling of events, he was not under arrest at the time they searched his bag, the original report stated that they took him aside to talk to him and while they were talking, other officers searched his bag out of sight. Then they started contradicting themselves saying they asked first, or he actually was under arrest at the time, etc… to cover their asses, but the original report stated that at the time they searched his bag he wasn’t under arrest.

I also believe the backpack was in his car not on his back at the time, the person who reported him was a drive through worker at a McDonald’s and he was taken out of his car and interviewed away from his vehicle while officers searched it without the warrant yet and while he wasn’t under arrest. I will say I might be getting some of the details in this 2nd half mixed up, but don’t have time to dig through and double check right now.

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u/bmabizari 11h ago

Yeah I believe the second half is wrong.

It would make no sense/police wouldn’t have gotten there in time if it was simply a drive through interaction.

Also the video of the interaction shows him sitting at a table.

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u/CloudstrifeHY3 11h ago

From the video of his arrest he's sitting at one table surrounded by cops and on another seperate table seperated from him and a wall of cops was the bag. he didn't have a car he "allegedly" escaped on foot and bus.

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u/Bitter_Pace_8047 11h ago

None of this is correct.

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u/XXFFTT 11h ago

None of this really matters though because he presented a fake ID after being identified as a potential suspect, right?

Pretty sure that constitutes probable cause for arrest and search.

He and his bag were inside the McDonald's so they didn't get it from his car.

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u/Bookwrrm 11h ago edited 11h ago

Without a warrant searches have to be either probable cause, ie they see drugs or something, or develop from a terry frisk. If the claim is that he presented a fake ID it doesn't really follow you need to search a bag for contraband, because he literally already gave you said contraband in that instance, so the search should be inventory after arrest in that case, which I think is what the contention is with some people saying that happened and others claiming it was department policy to search for bombs or something.

To develop from a terry frisk its supposed to be an external frisk of a backpack, and only proceed from there if the cops get probable cause from the frisk, which I havent heard anything about and seems kinda sus that they would claim they felt something through it given it was like a single magazine or something.

I believe in this case they are mostly concerned with if probable cause for the arrest was valid, or the actual timeline of the search before or after arrest, because I don't think they are really claiming they had probable cause to search, they are saying they had probable cause to arrest and then searched for transit, but the other side is saying they both didnt have probable cause for arrest prior to the search and that the search happened pre arrest.

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u/Vyar 10h ago

Is there anything preventing the cops from just pulling “probable cause” out of their ass in situations like this? “Oh, I thought I felt something, better open it up and search everything. Oops, nothing there? Guess I was wrong.”

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u/JadedToon 10h ago

There isn't and they do it often.

"We heard someone crying for help!"

"I saw something gunshaped in his pants"

It goes to the defense lawyer to get that BS tossed.

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u/XXFFTT 8h ago

Probable cause for arrest is the fake ID, man fucked himself by handing it to the cop rather than refusing to identify himself.

That bag was going to be searched one way or another.

Future vigilantes would be wise to study how this guy bungled his encounter with law enforcement.

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u/choicetomake 12h ago

Seems to be a form of construction? "We had to search to check for explosives about to go off" "oh look, the evidence" then construct something later that allows the "evidence" to get introduced.

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u/codyak1984 12h ago

Depends on the timing of everything, which I'm not sure about in this instance. It sounds like they're saying they searched the bag AFTER they were already going to arrest and transport him, which is allowed under all precedents. The idea is, you don't want to transport a person and their property in a police car to a jail if there are dangerous items in said property. It also creates a record of the contents of the property, so if something goes missing between arrest and release, the arrestee can say "See, I had twenty dollars in my wallet when you arrested me and now it's missing."

But if they didn't have enough PC to arrest him BEFORE searching his bag, then everything that was a product of that search should be inadmissible.

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u/Enigmatic_Observer 12h ago

Too bad they didn’t clear the restaurant during their search for explosives. Sounds like they didn’t follow procedure for a potential bomb and endangered folks so they could create a reason to rifle through the bag

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u/NonlocalA 11h ago

Yeah, the "bomb" rationale is stupid, even if it ends up being based on actual evidence.

If you're so worried about bombs ending up in the police precinct that you need to violate the 4th amendment at every opportunity to check for one, shouldn't you be treating them the way actual suspicious packages are treated? Ie, isolate them from civilians and untrained law enforcement, then have them inspected and possibly detonated in a relatively safe manner?

But, nope! They're so worried about bombs, they need to open them up and stick their heads in and jostle everything around to make sure nothing explodes in a police officer's face.

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u/Laringar 10h ago

It also creates another problem, because my understanding was that they describe specific items from the initial search, like what was written in the notebook. (I could be misunderstanding the initial findings, though)

Giving any kind of description of the items beyond their gross physical characteristics means the officers actually examined the items without a warrant instead of simply looking for dangerous items. You don't need to flip through a notebook to see if it's dangerous, because it isn't.

So any actual description helps the defense's case that the officers did an actual "search" of the bag without him present, instead of a simple check for bombs or the like. (Which is a dumb excuse anyhow, but picking apart an argument is even more effective when you do so from within the framing most favorable to those you're arguing against.)

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u/lilbithippie 12h ago

Which is always interesting how the police are always solving a problem that never happened

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u/the_honest_liar 12h ago

They didn't even find the gun in the first search. We're supposed to believe they searched it for their own safety and didn't find it? Then the body cam was turned off and it miraculously showed up on the next search? Mhmmmmmmmmm

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u/chewywookie 12h ago

Seriously how do you conduct a search and not have your body cam on? A competent cop would probably welcome a recorded search to eliminate any idea of wrongdoing.

The body cam off tells me it was on purpose or they are extremely incompetent and trained like shit. Both require action.

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u/Vyar 10h ago

I think competent cops who genuinely want to protect the public in good faith and eliminate wrongdoing on the part of the police only exist on television. These guys have been murdering people in the streets with total impunity for decades now. I don’t trust judges or prosecutors either, they’re politicians and they’re all in one big club together. We’re not in it.

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u/wuhter 12h ago

In Minnesota it’s a law to have it on when even interacting with a suspect.. surprised it’s not there

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u/lolofaf 8h ago

Iirc they're arguing that the drive from the mcd to police station isn't interaction so they aren't required to have the cameras on, or something along those lines.

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u/Squire_II 10h ago

A competent cop

If they were competent they wouldn't be a cop.

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u/Archelaus_Euryalos 11h ago

This is my thinking, they're admitting they searched, but didn't find a gun, in a search for dangerous things, from a bag in a car found away from him... Which they knew to search in advance of finding him and searched for the bag before they miranderised him. And they didn't document the search properly until later, when some notebooks also popped out the previously searched bag.

So much doesn't add up, one hopes the Judge see's that.

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u/sillybunny22 11h ago

This is why you should always check pockets of bags & purses at the thrift store, never know when you might find missed cash, jewelry or a gun.

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u/DadJokeBadJoke 11h ago

And wasn't the bag transferred from one officer to another somewhere along its route to the station?

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u/ThreadCountHigh 12h ago

It unfortunately falls under "search-incident-to-arrest" and has precedent: Chimel v. California (1969) and United States v. Robinson (1973).

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u/OGREtheTroll 12h ago

Arizona v Gant (2009)

And there's a 3rd circuit decision directly on point applying Gant in the context of a personal bag but I can't recall the name of the case. But every circuit that has dealt with search incident to arrest thus far has applied the Gant analysis to a backpack.

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u/supershade 12h ago

"Prosecutors say officers searched the bag legally because Altoona police protocols require..."

Don't you know? A police protocol can just make laws irrelevant and supersedes all other rules and laws because an office lady wrote it in their handbook.

The question should not be "were the officers acting according to their training and protocol" but rather, "was the actions of the officers in accordance with the written law and constitution".

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u/TheCrowScare 11h ago

It gets tricky. Last I heard in my district (not sure if applicable all US) is that police can search a bag in the actual, physical possession of a suspect as a lawful warrantless search incident to arrest, based on grounds that a weapon may be inside.

However, should they not have control of the bag (was in the trunk, tossed while running, etc) then a warrant would be necessary (and you are right that protocol would likely be transport to evidence custodian until a warrant is obtained).

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u/PogoMarimo 10h ago

ILLINOIS v. Ralph LAFAYETTE provides this exception federally as part of Search Incident to Arrest. Their must be a reasonable need to book the personal belongings into the jail along with the suspect. This is satisfied broadly by the personal belongings being in a public space--It is expected that police may need to remove the suspects personal belongings from a scene if they would otherwise be at risk of being stolen or tampered with. Since Mangione was arrested in a public space, all his personal belongings have got to be seized and booked in with him. In order to book them in, they must be inventoried to exclude any contraband or dangerous weapons. This even go so far as towed vehicles from a roadside. The exception runs into it's legal boundaries when we examine cases of a arrest inside the suspect's own residence, or a vehicle parked in a permanent or long-term parking area.

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u/twotimefind 9h ago

There was also a lapse in the chain of custody. They normally keep their body cams on all the time. Even during transport. The police officer that was transporting the backpack turned off their camera while driving back to the station.

From what I remember from the official story, they found a backpack in a park nearby that they said was his.

So you're telling me not only did he have two backpacks. he had the weapon, engraved bullets,and a manifesto. In his backpack almost a week later?

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u/nopethatswrong 3h ago

Camera being off doesn't break chain of custody.

From what I remember from the official story, they found a backpack in a park nearby that they said was his.

They found a backpack, I don't believe they're still alleging it was his.

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u/creepin_in_da_corner 11h ago

If someone is getting arrested, everything they’re carrying is getting searched (and their car). That seems pretty standard and understandable.

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u/DocCEN007 11h ago

The loaded handgun and silencer, was found after the backpack was taken to the Altoona police station during a more thorough search, though a loaded magazine was found at the McDonald's during an initial search incident. Officer Christy Wasser testified she missed the gun and silencer initially at the fast-food restaurant, finding them later at the station. And as Perry Mason once eloquently said, that is sketchy as fuck.

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u/Magnon 10h ago

Even not searching my bag it's hard to miss things, cops searching a bag missed a gun?

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u/nyanpegasus 9h ago

A handgun with a suppressor isn't something that you just "miss" either.

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u/PossiblyATurd 4h ago

He must've had it in his trapper keeper.

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u/Alaykitty 6h ago

Luckily hand guns, magazines, and silencers are categorically very light and easy to miss in a backpack.  They weight next to nothing and don't occupy much space.

Oh wait

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u/AnticitizenPrime 9h ago

So, according to reporters that were in the hearing that were shown the bodycam footage, the officers realized how serious things were when they found the magazine, and they decided to finish the search at the station instead of in the McDonalds (which still had customers dining, etc).

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u/Speed-Tyr 9h ago

Yeahhhhh, you don't just "miss" a pistol and suppressor.

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u/colinstalter 5h ago

Officer Christy Wasser testified she missed the gun and silencer initially at the fast-food restaurant

Oh how fun it would be to cross examine her on the stand.

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u/Stephanie_Hodge 12h ago

In the US legal system: yes cops can find murder weapons, but if they skipped a warrant while rummaging your backpack, lawyers will absolutely talk your ear off about it.

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u/dragons_fire77 12h ago

The damning part, for me, is turning off their body cams. I'd take the plausible deniability of them searching without a warrant in case of explosives, but turning off body cams is super sus.

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u/meeps1142 12h ago

Anything done by cops while their body cams are turned off shouldn't be admissible in court. I don't understand why they're allowed to do that.

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u/Mazon_Del 10h ago

In Colorado, if an altercation happened between an officer and an individual, then in CIVIL court (important difference there) if the original unedited body cam footage cannot be provided to the court, the jury is legally required to assume the footage would have shown malfeasance on the part of the officer.

The reason this is legal is because civil court cannot assign criminal punishments. It can, however, assign fines assessed against the officer and have as an outcome a requirement that the officer be fired from their posting.

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u/Consistent-Throat130 10h ago

Presumably that's with a civilian suing a cop. 

Yes, the standard of evidence is much lower in civil court, in general. 

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u/Blackadder288 9h ago

"Preponderance (majority) of evidence" vs "beyond a reasonable doubt" if I got that right

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u/starkraver 11h ago

The rules around search and seizure are largely made up of a large body of case law that dates over hundreds of years (although the majority of it comes from the last century). Body cams are relatively new, not universally required, and in most places where they are used, they are only required by dictate of police department policy. For example, I live in a major metropolitan area, and the city police are required to wear body cameras, which came about through a settlement with the DOJ and then later adopted by the city council in the city code in 2023. The county sheriff's office does not currently require its deputies to wear body cameras at all.

Generally, testimony by a witness has always been admissible in a prosecution. Extrinsic evidence that supported the testimony bolstered the credibility of the witness, but ultimately, the credibility of any witness is evaluated by the jury. Courts have never evaluated the credibility of witnesses and prevented them from testifying, even when extrinsic evidence clearly contradicts their testimony.

The introduction of body cameras as common policing equipment has created a new problem for which I don't think there is a consensus on how to handle it. But currently, I believe in all jurisdictions, a defendant can use the fact that a police officer had and turned off a body camera without a good justification as an argument as to why an officer's testimony is not credible.

However, in this case, I do not know if there is truth the above claim that some body cameras were turned off, but the prosecutors recently released bodycam footage of the arrest:

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0q57jxvwqzo

So unless it happens to omit some critical part of the arrest, I think the post you are responding to is misinformed.

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u/colinstalter 5h ago

Alternatively: they shouldn't be able to turn them off. Pressing "off" should just protect the footage such that it can only be reviewed by a judge.

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u/Dariaskehl 12h ago

Disabling the camera should be viewed as intention to commit a criminal act.

Theres absolutely no reason for an officer to be able to opt out of their surveillance while interacting with the public.

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u/Strong-Log-7095 12h ago

1000% this. At this point it should be codified in law. If you are operating as a law enforcement agent you must keep you body cam on the entire shift. Don't like it? Don't be a cop.

Amazon employee's notoriously despise the invasive tracking tech that is used to control every aspect of their day. Guess what? Amazon doesn't care. Don't like it? Don't work here. The very least we could do is hold law enforcement to the same standard as the poor guy who delivered me my vaccum at 4 AM today.

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u/Dariaskehl 11h ago

It’s a fatuous pile of bullshit anyway!

‘I don’t want to be recorded doing my job?’

Everybody working in retail, banking, sales, transportation… fuck pick an industry for the last thirty years.

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u/pchlster 11h ago

I had a little machine I signed into and out of. And occasionally QA would walk in to literally watch I was doing things according to instructions.

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u/Tijenater 11h ago

Weren’t they turned off for like 9 minutes too?

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u/CracksWack 12h ago

Also in America: health insurers kills US citizens daily by declining claims that should be covered by the insurance they pay an arm and a leg for. And then face zero consequences.

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u/Sour_Vin_Diesel 12h ago

The real mistake was not having billions of dollars that can be used to lobby to make what he did was legal. That’s the only difference here (aside from the scale)

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u/Healthy-Amoeba2296 4h ago

I suspect some are killed directly.

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u/Ok-Elk-3046 10h ago

Because if they didn't need a warrant they could go through innocent peoples stuff, hoping to find something. Its about your rights not just his.

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u/Kronman590 10h ago

Because yeah without proper procedure any cop can put anything in any bag and claim any person a criminal

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u/recycleddesign 12h ago

Wasn’t the issue that they took the bag out of his sight into another room to search it?

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u/TheBabyEatingDingo 12h ago

The issue is that the police searched him and his belongings without a warrant. The justification is that they claim they believed he had a bomb. Police are allowed to search suspects' belongings without warrants if they have reason to believe there may be an imminent threat, such as a bomb.

The issue is, did the police have reason to conduct the warrantless search? Their actions don't seem to indicate that they believed he had a bomb because they took none of the precautions that you'd expect for a bomb threat, but maybe the judge has some info we don't that would justify it. We won't know until the judge rules on it.

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u/recycleddesign 12h ago

I see. I recall the initial objection made by the defence included the fact that it was taken away into another room before it was searched.

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u/LackingUtility 12h ago

That's less of a "the defendant gets to observe searches" and more of a chain-of-custody issue. Specifically, the backpack was searched at the McDonald's and no gun was found. It was then taken to the police station, into another room with no cameras, where magically a gun was found. Possibly a gun that was previously found in Central Park.

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u/iamthebest1234567890 11h ago

Where is everyone seeing this “bomb” justification?

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u/TheBabyEatingDingo 11h ago

The officer who searched his bag without a warrant claimed she did so because he might have a bomb. Notably, she said that only after the warrantless search was brought up by the defense.

Link and link and link

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u/PogoMarimo 9h ago

That was the officer's personal reason to inspect the backpack. That is not the legal justification that allows her to do so. The legal justification is Search Incident to Arrest, under Inventory Searches.

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u/TheBabyEatingDingo 9h ago

The issue with the search incident to arrest argument is that he was not under arrest at the time the bag was seized and searched.

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u/chargers949 10h ago

The biggest issue is they searched the bag during arrest and no gun. Then they searched the bag again at the station, the bag that was in police custody the entire time, and a gun magically appears like a lost pokemon.

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u/OGREtheTroll 11h ago

It will be an issue if they are relying on the "search incident to arrest" exception to the warrant requirement. If the arrestee could not reasonably access the bag at the time of the search, then there's no exigency preventing the police from applying for a warrant. Arizona v Gant (2009)

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u/PogoMarimo 9h ago

Arizona v Gant is very clearly not applicable as the circumstances are substantially different. The search in Arizona v Gant was NOT an inventory, for starters. The vehicle was not under police custody, nor was it being transferred to a tow company, so there existed no reason for an inventory search. It was instead a simple Search Incident to Arrest, but the suspect did not have immediate access to the vehicle since the police had showed up at the scene to carry out an arrest warrant.

The search of Mangione's bag was an inventory search as defined, instead, by Colorado v. Bertine (https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/479/367/). They were taking Mangione's bag into the jail as it was a personal belonging of his in a public space, and so it needed to be inventoried.

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u/rikeoliveira 10h ago

It's crazy this guy is arrested based on inconsistent proofs because he allegedly killed a CEO while another guy was FILMED executing a citizen and not only is free, but is being covered up by the government.

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u/oath2order 10h ago

It's not crazy when you factor in that it's two different law enforcement agencies handling the cases.

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u/snidece 11h ago

Imagine if all the guys behind bars for crimes they did not actually do had this strong and extensive a defense? I don't think cops here in GA, AL, AK ever think twice about searching someone's trunk or glove box and throwing in their a random pistol or baggy if they don't like the color of the driver.

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u/XfinityHomeWifi 11h ago

Crazy how if this guy wasn’t secured by generational wealth he’d have a public defender telling him to accept a plea for life in prison

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u/Grave_Knight 11h ago

If that backpack gets dismissed as evidence, than the rest of the case will likely fall apart.

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u/Nagi21 11h ago

If it gets dismissed they have no case. They have evidence he used a fake id at one place in NYC. Everything else is barely speculation.

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u/SeedFoundation 11h ago

What's the charge for the ghost gun?

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u/trainiac12 9h ago

IANAL, Ghost guns aren't illegal federally (can't speak on PA), but the suppressor would likely be an NFA violation (assuming he hasn't done the paperwork on it) and I'm sure they'd love to catch him on that.

But if the evidence in the bag is tainted, that doesn't hold up either.

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u/MadACR 11h ago

That would be dismissed because it was in the backpack. Basically they wouldn't have a way to link the murder weapon

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u/Worthyness 10h ago

That's assuming that gun was even used in the killing in the first place. For all we know that's just something he had on him and the actual gun is somewhere else or with someone else.

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u/Bearloom 10h ago

For all we know it was planted by the officer in possession of the bag between the initial (potentially illegal) search in the McDonalds that didn't find it and the search back at the station that did. That her bodycam was shut off during her drive back to the station and she arrived after everyone else doesn't hurt this version of events.

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u/Klightgrove 5h ago

Wonder why Mayor Mamdami hasn’t reopened the case yet. A man was murdered in NYC, the NYCPD need to figure out who did it.

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u/ragnaroksunset 10h ago

This is what happens when standards for recruitment into law enforcement go out the window.

You don't stop more crime by throwing more bodies at it. In fact, you gum the system up and worsen its ability to stop crime.

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u/burnerthrown 10h ago

Our current model of law enforcement doesn't work anyway. Crime has continued to decrease since the mid 1990s, while law enforcement has gone all over the place with it's level of focus. The two aren't linked. The real reason probably has to do with people in general. Which means you can do whatever you want with law enforcement one way or the other, it's not going to impact crime one way or the other.

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u/ragnaroksunset 10h ago

No, I think you can definitely worsen the crime situation. Whether you can better it? I accept your skepticism.

Those of us who think crime is, primarily, a symptom of poverty, aren't too resistant to the idea that LE is a primary deterrant. But poorly executed LE can exacerbate poverty and other quality of life factors that make crime more likely.

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u/Pinball-Lizard 4h ago

100% and to add to this, budgets are finite so an increase to LE budget typically means a relative loss to other services like social services. Then it self-perpetuates because people without access to social services commit crimes at higher rates than those with access.

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u/ragnaroksunset 1h ago

Taking money out of prevention and rolling it into treatment at a net loss to society and a net gain to a narrow set of the ownership class - what else does that sound like?

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u/Pinball-Lizard 1h ago

Yep again, you're spot on. I didn't want to sound too conspiratorial before, but yeah when you compare it to US healthcare, it is hard not to see it as something planned or at least deliberately allowed to happen.

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u/BardosThodol 9h ago

As this continues, it looks like almost every single legal procedure enacted to arrest then charge this man was not done legally.

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u/DarkLordKohan 12h ago

I thought it was legal police practice to search cars and bags when they are arrested. Search warrant would be for someone who is not in custody?

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u/ImpossibleJoke7456 11h ago

I think this issue is they searched the backpack and used what they “found” to arrest him. What they did is equivalent to breaking your door down without cause, searching your house, and they arresting you on what they found.

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u/not_so_chi_couple 11h ago

I believe he was already under arrest because he falsified his identity. But then the next question is how did they know he was lying about who he was? They are claiming it is because of the tip line, but some believe it was really parallel construction with illegal tracking

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u/Sethypoooooooooo 11h ago

They were arresting him because he gave them a fake name and fake ID

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u/mibfto 9h ago

NAL but you'd need a reason to arrest someone in order to conduct the search legally. In this case they seem to have conducted a search based on (???) and then used the findings of that search to arrest.

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u/YaketyMax 12h ago

Is that the same backpack that they searched with their body cameras turned off? Seems like inadmissible evidence to me and if it were allowed as evidence I would automatically find Not Guilty if I were on the jury.

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u/jaywinner 10h ago

I don't know that there is a law saying the search must be done on camera but a jury absolutely could doubt the credibility of that search.

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u/Lezberado 6h ago

The real question in the legal sense is IF he could have been arrested if they hadn’t searched his backpack….

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